I/ Initial situation
In French cities of more than 100.000 inhabitants, people spend 45 min to 1h30 a day to travel from their home to their job.1 In addition, 7 working people out of 10 use their car everyday to go to work e.g. more than 20 million people. This periodically recurring travel between the place of residence and the place of work, called commuting, has become a major phenomenon in today’s society.
II/ The emergence of a disruptive element
Today, the world is facing multiple crises. We are currently experiencing global warming, an unprecedented level of pollution, we observe a decrease in the planet’s biodiversity, and resources are getting scarcer.
Mobility as we know it today has a big impact on these different crises. It is responsible for 23% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions.2 In France however, it is responsible for about 30% of the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and cars for 15% of the GHG emissions.3 This is thus a big contributor to climate change. Furthermore, today cars are on average 1240 kg in France, have 5 to 7 seats, but in 90% of the cases only one person is present in the car. Cars are on average more than 15 times heavier than the passenger inside. This results in a massive energy loss. More than half of all urban journeys in developed cities are made by private motorized vehicles.4 With the increase of the number of vehicles these past few years, the driving conditions in cities have deteriorated : toxic smoke levels and endless traffic jams.5 Additionally, people use their car for an average of 32 km per day.6 Also here there is an overconsumption of the material used per car. Therefore, lightweight, smaller, and more modulable vehicles will have a significant impact on the future of mobility.
To this end, it is important to propose greener alternatives to car owners and commuters in order to reduce our impact on the planet. This is a call that our group Mobyl will try to answer. We are young internationals (18-31 years) from various industries, committed to societal and environmental challenges as well as to the acceleration of the ecological transition. We hope that through the Xtreme Defi, we will be able to share our vision about the vehicles of the near future.
Different solutions have been initiated during the last years through the increase in bicycle lanes, or through the creation of low emission zones (LEZs), where the most polluting vehicles are regulated. For example, London is building 12 bicycle superhighways dedicated solely to bicycles. In Denmark and Belgium, car-free zones have been introduced.7 However, to change the impact of mobility on climate change, more radical changes need to be put in place.
Previous examples show how inside the city solutions are put in place. But few options are available for people who are commuting from outside the city to the city center. People have to own a car in order to be able to go to work or run their errands. This is why we will focus on this part of mobility, in this project, we will design a vehicle dedicated to commuters.
III/ The personas and customers journeys
To see this part, open the linked document.
IV/ The first solution idea - Segmobyl V1
To respond to our different persona’s, we have designed a new type of vehicle (see Figure 1). The vehicle has following characteristics:
● The vehicle has 4 wheels for safety reasons.
● The size of the vehicle will aim to be half the length of a regular vehicle in order to park two vehicles in one parking spot.
● The passenger inside the vehicle will be weather protected. Light textile materials will be used to do this i.e. dyneema fabrics or flax composites.
● The vehicle has two swappable batteries of each around 20 kg. Smaller batteries will be possible to purchase in case smaller ranges are needed.
● The vehicle can reach a maximum speed of 45 km/h without a driving license. ● There are two seats in the vehicle.
○ There will be no radio or GPS as the driver will have a spot above the steering wheel where one can put his own smartphone. The smartphone will thus do office work such as the GPS and the radio. A resonating box will do the office as a speaker.
○ This feature is important for the reduction in the use of materials and energy used to manufacture the different items.
● The vehicle is modular, in more detail, the frame of the vehicle comprises a segway, which can be removed in order to do the last kms needed to go to the destination once the vehicle is parked. One will need to put the vehicle on stands prior to removing the segway and using it. Parts of the car battery will be able to be dismounted in order to use the battery on the segway separately.
○ This feature is important for the reduction in the use of materials and energy available. The vehicle frame and battery serve for different purposes. Furthermore, this will reduce the amount of cars inside the city.
● A small solar panel will be included in the casing, in order to power the accessories of the vehicle.
V/ Critical look to our first prototype
This first prototype comprised a Segway in order to drive the last kilometers. However, the Segway is not widely available or spreaded in our society. It is a result of its driving complexity as the driver needs a good equilibrium. In addition, the brand “Segway” stops its Segway production. Therefore, we made the decision to change the Segway to another mono-person vehicle, to drive the last kilometers.
VI/ The final solution - Segmobyl V2
To respond to our different persona’s, we have designed a new type of vehicle (see Figure 2). The vehicle has following characteristics:
● The vehicle has 4 wheels for safety reasons.
● The size of the vehicle will aim to be half the length of a regular vehicle in order to park two vehicles in one parking spot.
● The passenger inside the vehicle will be weather protected. And the pilot is more protected than on a bike. Light textile materials will be used to do this i.e. dyneema fabrics or flax composites.
● The vehicle has one swappable battery around 20 kg. Smaller batteries will be possible to purchase in case smaller ranges are needed.
● The vehicle can reach a maximum speed of 45 km/h without a driving license. ● There is one seat for the driver and one bench seat for passengers.
○ There will be no radio or GPS as the driver will have a spot above the steering wheel where one can put his own smartphone. The smartphone will thus do office work such as the GPS and the radio. A resonating box will do the office as a speaker.
○ This feature is important for the reduction in the use of materials and energy used to manufacture the different items.
● The vehicle is modular, in more detail, the frame of the vehicle comprises an electric scooter, which can be removed in order to do the last kms needed to go to the destination once the vehicle is parked. One will need to put the vehicle on stands prior to removing the electric scooter and using it. Parts of the car battery will be able to be dismounted in order to use the battery on the electric scooter separately.
○ This feature is important for the reduction in the use of materials and energy available. The vehicle frame and battery serve for different purposes. Furthermore, this will reduce the amount of cars inside the city.
● A small solar panel will be included in the casing, in order to power the accessories of the vehicle.
VII/ The final situation (the uses and benefits of our solution)
The characteristics of this vehicle make it eco-responsible while meeting the needs of users.
It meets people needs:
The vehicle is made for short and middle-sized journeys (0 to 60 km) and fits with daily needs to go to work, to run errands, to visit friends, to have activities, etc within a 60 km radius. It uses the classic road network and is driven in the same way as an electric scooter with a seat. This vehicle is much lighter than a classic car, and much less energy consuming, it is the perfect vehicle for two persons and their luggage. It can be used in most types of weather thanks to its coverage.
It is eco-responsible:
The ratio of transported weight to the vehicle weight will be much bigger. We are targeting a weight of 200 kg (when empty). Thanks to its lower weight, it will also be much less energy consuming. In addition, the energy in this vehicle is electrical, which is less polluting than a gasoline-powered car if one takes its electrical energy from renewable sources.10
If a significant share of the vehicles going from the suburbs to the city will be comprised of this proposed intermediate vehicle, many benefits will arise from this trend:
● Cleaner and less energy intensive journeys.
● Less polluting vehicles coming into the city.
● More parking space available in the city + ease to park on the side of the roads + less traffic jams in the inner city.
● Less noise near residential buildings.
● Dedicated lane: needed for the transition; however, will not need it if/ when this type of vehicle will be widely used.
● More money saved when buying such a vehicle compared to standard cars.
● More money saved when “refueling” the vehicle.
● Ease of maneuverability due to small size and lightweight.
● Ease of navigating through narrow roads in the city.
The limits:
The major drawbacks of this vehicle:
● It was not designed for long journeys, thus a different long-distance option is needed (a car with a greater range, or train, car-sharing…).
● The maximum capacity is for 3 people.
● It is not as safe as a standard car due to the smaller size and lighter weight.
Bibliography
(1) Temps moyen de trajet entre le domicile et le travail selon la catégorie socioprofessionnelle, L’Observatoire des Territoires. https://www.observatoire-des-territoires.gouv.fr/temps-moyen-de-trajet-entre-le-domicile-et-le-travail-selon-la-categorie-socioprofessionnelle (accessed 2022-11-10).
(2) Jancovici : A Quand La Rupture Énergétique ? - Cité Des Sciences - 21/11/2017; 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JH6TwaDYW4 (accessed 2022-11-15).
(3) Bilan annuel des transports en 2019 : les externalités. www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr.
(4) Mobility in cities database. UITP. https://www.uitp.org/publications/mobility-in-cities-database/ (accessed 2022-11-10).
(5) Circulation : combien de temps passent les automobilistes français dans les embouteillages ?. Franceinfo. https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/automobile/circulation-combien-de-temps-passent-les-automobilistes-francais-dans-les-embouteillages_3804495.html (accessed 2022-11-15).
(6) Parcours annuels moyens d’une voiture France. Statista. https://fr.statista.com/statistiques/484345/distance-parcourue-en-moyenne-par-voiture-france/ (accessed 2022-11-10).
(7) Bouton, S.; Knupfer, S.; Mihov, I.; Swartz, S. Urban mobility at a tipping point, McKinsey. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/urban-mobility-at-a-tipping-point. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/sustainability/our-insights/urban-mobility-at-a-tipping-point (accessed 2022-11-10).
Fichier Narratif : 1. Narrative (2).pdf
I/ Introduction
The implementation of our Segmobyl, an innovative vehicle prototype, in its urban environment has crucial importance, mainly because of the alarming realities we observe today. Conventional vehicles, which currently populate our urban areas, contribute substantially to over 70% of nitrogen dioxide (NOx) emissions in these already fragile environments. Faced with this worrying reality, our hybrid vehicle, a fusion of the practicality of a small no-license car and the maneuverability of a Segway, seems to be an interesting solution. Its aim is twofold: to considerably reduce polluting emissions while optimizing the use of public space.
II/ Key players for implementing the Segmobyl
To succeed our project, we are aiming to collaborate with several local partners. We are reaching out to the following groups:
Communities/users: The communities and associations we are targeting are related to mobility and cities’ dynamism. There help in launching our vehicle, would allow us to gain visibility and also potentially have support from cities, associations and users.
➔ Plateforme Mobilité, La Rue créative, Made in archi made, Habiter autrement Auvergne
Schools and Universities: We have contacted different universities in order to cross-check the feasibility of our vehicle and to start our prototyping phase.
➔ ESTACA, an engineering school with its headquarters located in Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France. This school amongst other trains automotive engineers. We thus have a group of 4 students helping us on the technical aspects of our vehicle.
Companies: MOVIN’On (MOBYL’s key sponsor) is helping us to have a starting capital in order to organize ourselves. Furthermore, 4 prototyping tires will be given by Michelin. We are currently reaching out to other companies for sponsorships.
➔ MOVIN’on, Michelin, Segway France.
Distribution: We will further reach out to Aixam, a company specialized in the manufacturing, sale and rental of license-free cars. And T2C, a Clermont-Ferrand's public transport network, where we are aiming to try out our vehicles.
➔ Aixam, T2C
III/ Link between the vehicle and its environment:
This innovative Segmobyl V2 design will enable users to take advantage of the flexibility offered by the e scooter for the last few kilometers of their journey in the city. On reaching their destination, the vehicle will transform into a e scooter, offering agile, lightweight mobility to navigate the narrow streets of the city center, avoiding traffic jams and facilitating parking.
This intelligent integration of the e scooter into our electric vehicle will contribute to a more
harmonious interaction with the urban environment, reducing traffic congestion and minimizing congestion in public spaces.
Furthermore, as far as parking is concerned, our vehicle will be able to park in small parking spaces to optimize existing parking spaces with a greater number of small vehicles: 2 Segmobyls V2 for a standard parking space. Finally, we plan to make public spaces more user-friendly by designing a low-emission electric vehicle, thus contributing to better air quality in the city. Our low-emission electric vehicle will guarantee an environmentally friendly driving experience.
By making a substantial contribution to reducing emissions, our prototype demonstrates our
commitment to sustainable urban mobility, a significant step towards preserving our environment.
IV/ Status for each identified actors :
See file for the table.
Note:
One of the key players in our project are the 4 students from ESTACA Engineering School, based in Laval. Prototyping will consist in several stages. First, we will submit to the students our dossier detailing the objectives and functioning of our vehicle, enriching our idea by their views. MOBYL team, with our partners’ help, will provide the necessary materials (segways, fabrics, tires…) needed to build a first version of the prototype.
Fichier Ecosystème : :4. Ecosystem.pdf
I/ Introduction
The Segmobyl has its headquarters in the city of Clermont-Ferrand, which is central to the different participants of Mobyl. The home market of the Segmobyl will be France. As happens with large equipment manufacturers (OEMs), the assembly process will be done in-house, while the production of Segmobyl components and parts will be outsourced to benefit from the know-how and economies of scale of suppliers. External service providers (such as IT partners and third-party repair shops) will be primarily based in France.
II/ Cost sources
In order to maximize the financial sustainability of the company that will bring Segmobyl to the market, its financial structure must be as capital-light as possible. This aims at maximizing the probability of survival during the critical first years of operation and throughout the phase of introduction of the new vehicle to the market. We will thus focus on the assembly part of Segmobyl’s production process, i.e. the assembly of all components that are required to produce a Segmobyl will be done in-house. The production of all Segmobyl’s components and parts will be outsourced to benefit from the expertise, know-how and economies of scale of suppliers. During Segmobyl’s design phase, preference will be given to components and parts that are already produced on a mass scale. This aims at reducing as much as possible the cost of those parts, speed up the introduction of Segmobyl to the market (as those components have already been tested and have been homologated in the past) which will help to ensure the market affordability of the vehicle, as well as the financial profitability of its production process. External service providers (such as IT partners and third-party repair shops) will be primarily based in France, i.e. Segmobyl’s home market and where most of its clients will be based. Overall, we target an all-in unitary cost of production, assembly, marketing and distribution of circa €4.500 (once the initial step up challenges and costs have been overcome). The figure was set taking into consideration alternative solutions from other vehicle manufacturers with which Segmobyl will have to compete once it reaches the market. The project will be funded through a mix of government grants, venture capital investment, crowdfunding, crowdlending, cash flow from operations and supplier finance.
III/ Revenue sources
Our business strategy consists of a two-phase approach to build a diversified revenue base. This aims to ensure the sustainability of the company’s business model, as well as to mitigate execution risks and to lower the capital outlays in the most critical early stages of the project.
The initial phase (2024-2028) is the most critical one as the new concept is designed, produced and introduced to the market.
Broadly accessible
In today’s mobility landscape, several options are available for daily commuters, including public transportation, personal vehicles, as well as shared cars, electric scoters and bicycles. We aim at further broadening the list of sustainable options available to commuters, by offering our customers different ways to benefit from the access to SEGMOBYL V2. Thus, we will start by proposing three different options to our customers:
Outright purchase (both new and used vehicles)
Leasing (with and without purchase option at the end of the contract)
Subscription model (monthly subscription/pass that gives access to a personal SEGMOBYL V2)
Diversity of sales channels :
1. Direct Sales via website and app (more profitable for the company)
2. Sales of vehicles and services via dealers/partners such as big retailer chains
3. Fleet sales (sales to companies, municipalities, etc) (less profitable, but could be anchor sales)
The sales price will start at €6.000 (incl. VAT) (exact figures will depend on vehicle configuration options and level of equipment).
No range anxiety, hassle-free commuting
We want to provide our customers with a hassle-free commuting experience. In order to prevent range anxiety, SEGMOBYL V2 will include a battery swapping system that will allow users to easily extend the range of their vehicle by swapping some of the vehicle’s batteries.
Thus, at an initial stage, the company will offer SEGMOBYL V2’s users the option to rent additional batteries that can be used as range extenders. In addition, SEGMOBYL V2’s users will be able to acquire wall box chargers to fasten the charging process at their homes (or their offices).
Their SEGMOBYL V2, tailor made
Our commercialization strategy aims to reach the target customer group as easily and inexpensively as possible. Although showrooms will also be available to show SEGMOBYL V2 to potential customers (through partner dealers), we aim at selling the vehicle mainly via our website.
In our online store, customers will be able to customize their vehicle by choosing between a range of different packs and customization options (such as interior colors, seat options, type of tires (e.g. winter, summer), etc).
In addition, in order to boost brand recognition, several merchandising options with SEGMOBYL branding (such as t-shirts, cups, bottles, caps, flashlights, etc) will be available for sale on our online store.
A one-stop shop
SEGMOBYL’s customers will be offered a full suite of related services as vehicle (preventive and corrective) maintenance, insurance and vehicle tracking. Customers will be able to manage their subscriptions to our services at any time via their individual client account on our website.
In addition, we will offer training services to our partner repair shops.
Fidelity Program
Through the fidelity program SEGMOBYL V2’s users will earn points each time they use and rent the vehicle. The earned points may later be used to acquire vouchers for services and products from the company (such as discounts on insurance and vehicle tracking subscriptions, for instance) and commercial partners (e.g. discounts on battery recharging).
Phase 2:
During the second phase (2028-2036) a consolidation of SEGMOBYL’s presence in the market is expected. With broad brand recognition, the objective will be to further cement SEGMOBYL V2 as an alternative way of commuting by launching a shared service that can massively expand SEGMOBYL’s market footprint and environmental impact.
“SEGMOBYL for all” sharing-platform
Through the launch of a sharing-platform (accessible via website and app), SEGMOBYL V2 will become easily and inexpensively available to all people in the main urban areas in France.
Customers will be charged an unlocking fee plus a distance (or time) fee for each of their trips using any of the SEGMOBYL V2 of the sharing-platform fleet. Alternatively, SEGMOBYL V2’s users will be able to purchase monthly subscription that give them access to a shared vehicle on demand.
Optimization of SEGMOBYL V2’s cost of ownership
The launch of SEGMOBYL’s customers sharing program will allow SEGMOBYL V2’s owners to make their vehicles available for sharing via the “SEGMOBYL for all” platform. The vehicle owners will thus be able to monetize the period of time their vehicles are idle, and reduce the overall cost of ownership. The company will collect a 20% fee on the revenue SEGMOBYL V2’s owners will generate on the platform.
IV/ Investments
As previously mentioned, in order to reduce the capital requirements of the project, we will thus focus on the assembly part of SEGMOBYL V2’s production process, while the production of all SEGMOBYL V2’s components and parts will be outsourced to benefit from the expertise, know-how and economies of scale of experienced suppliers.
We estimate that €500.000 will be needed during the prototyping phase (2024-2025) (including cost of raw materials and access to technical expertise).
In addition, the annual rent of a warehouse in Clermont-Ferrand where SEGMOBYL V2 will be assembled is estimated at €150.000 (on average). The installation of an assembly line is estimated to cost €300.000 (investment in machinery and equipment) in 2026.
The investment in the main sales channels (website and app) is estimated to be €50.000.
The investment associated with the protection of vehicle designs and intellectual property rights is estimated to be €50.000.
SEGMOBYL V2’s homologation costs are estimated at €100.000.
V/ DCF Analysis
A discounted cash flow (DCF) model is a method of valuing an investment/project based on its expected future cash flows. The DCF model estimates the present value of the cash flows by applying a discount rate, which reflects the cost of capital and the risk of the investment.
The discount rate is thus the rate of return that an investor would require to invest in the project. Taking into account the uncertainty associated to some projection assumptions (such as customer demand for our product, suppliers’ reliability, regulatory risks, etc), as well as the overall execution risk of the project, we estimate a 25% discount rate is appropriate.
VI/ Reduce, reuse, recycle'
Sustainability is at the core of our mission and strategy.
The estimated lifecycle of the vehicle is 20+ years. SEGMOBYL V2’s long useful life is related to the simplicity and modularity of its design, which, with adequate maintenance, can be easily and effectively extended. In fact, we aim at reaching a reparability index of 80%.
Not only the vehicle has been designed taking into consideration the sustainability, durability and recyclability of its components but we also intend to implement a components and materials recovery program.
Implemented with the help of our maintenance partners (third-party repair shops), this program aims to ensure the longevity of the vehicle through the proper execution of both preventive and corrective maintenance. In addition, whenever possible, we aim at recovering and repairing non-critical pre-used parts and components that can later be sold to customers and repair shops (thus increasing components reusability). Finally, this program aims to promote materials recycling by establishing partnerships with local recycling partners.
VII/ Open Source
As previously mentioned, during SEGMOBYL V2’s design phase, preference will be given to components and parts that are already produced on a mass scale by third-party suppliers. This aims at reducing as much as possible the cost of those parts and speed up the introduction of SEGMOBYL V2 to the market which will help to ensure the market affordability of the vehicle, as well as the financial profitability of its production process.
Nevertheless, vehicle design should remain proprietary for safety, regulatory and brand equity reasons.
VIII/ Conclusion
The SEGMOBYL V2 is designed to serve as a sustainable and affordable alternative for daily commuters who typically travel by car. It offers a lower total cost of ownership compared to other alternatives in the market, due to its lower acquisition, maintenance, and refueling costs (~0.20€/km, i.e. a fourth compared to other alternatives). Additionally, it offers convenience, comfort and flexibility.
In light of the aforementioned benefits, we believe that there exists a significant market opportunity for the introduction of this electric vehicle into the sustainable mobility market.
SEGMOBYL V2’s unique combination of affordability, convenience, and environmental friendliness positions it as a highly attractive option for daily commuters seeking an inexpensive and sustainable mode of transportation.
Fichier Économique : 3. DOSSIER MODELE ECONOMIQUE.docx(2).pdf
I/ Feedback
As MOBYL was created by young professionals from different companies who all have a demanding job we have found it complicated to attend all the meetings organized by Extrême Défi or to go to the organized conferences. However, every time we have participated it was very rich. We did a collaboration with 4 students at ESTACA, who helped us cross-check the viability of our vehicle. We will start looking for a prototyping place, for example, we are already in contact with Hall32.
II/ First results
MOBYL has conducted a survey in order to understand the views and wishes of generation z and y on the mobility of the future. The key findings are outlined below : The survey was conducted on 1500 people, which were representative of the French population. It comes at no surprise that the youth predominantly favor three primary modes of transportation: cars, walking, and public transit. In bustling urban centers, young individuals tend to embrace a more diverse array of options, with a significant quarter frequently opting for their personal bicycles in addition to the trio. While speed understandably ranks as a paramount consideration in transport choice, it's not the sole factor at play. Price, flexibility, reliability, proximity, and simplicity all wield considerable influence in decision-making. For shorter distances, there's a preference for softer, more sustainable modes of travel. However, this doesn't entirely exclude car usage, especially for the one-third of young people residing within a 6-kilometer radius of their workplace or studies. Among this group, a notable majority both walk and utilize cars for their daily commuting needs. The car, for the Youth, symbolizes freedom, albeit at a considerable financial cost, even for the most environmentally conscious individuals. This sentiment is particularly pronounced among those in rural areas, where car dependency is at its peak.
Encouragingly, a noteworthy one-fifth of the Youth expresses a readiness to embrace more eco-friendly practices, provided there is support from both governmental bodies and private enterprises. Hence, the impending challenge for the future of transportation lies in striking a harmonious balance between affordability,
sustainability, and safety.
We further included some questions regarding our concept in order to cross-check if our solution would be interesting to the French population. There was also a generic question about their perception of the difference between electric and thermic cars. To that question, we collected little to no answers, most participants believing there is no difference. The only positive point the participants highlighted is the absence of noise when using an electric car.
Feedback and Sentiment Analysis
Out of the 1500 respondents, we received a total of 821 positive feedbacks on our V1 Segmobyl, indicating a noteworthy level of interest and endorsement. Conversely, 853 respondents expressed reservations or provided negative feedback. This balanced feedback dichotomy is an invaluable source of insights for further refinement of the Segmobyl.
Positive Feedback Themes:
Design Excellence:
● Respondents resonated with the prototype's distinctive design, appreciating its originality and size. The integration of a segway component emerged as a particularly captivating feature, suggesting a novel and engaging user experience.
Environmental Stewardship:
● A standout positive attribute was the vehicle's environmentally-friendly profile. The fact that our solution operates on electric power and aligns with ecological principles garnered significant favor among respondents. This underscores a growing consciousness and preference for sustainable transportation options.
Ease of Use and Accessibility:
● A prevailing sentiment among respondents was that our offering embodies user-friendliness. This perception is rooted in both the vehicle's inherent design advantages, such as maneuverability and compactness, and its remarkably low cost. Such perceived accessibility can serve as a compelling catalyst for adoption.
Negative Feedback Themes:
Security Concerns:
● Some respondents voiced apprehensions regarding the vehicle's size and design. They expressed reservations about its perceived lightness and raised concerns about potential accidents and impacts, particularly in the context of using the segway component.
Practicality Considerations:
● There were reservations about the vehicle's speed and size, with some respondents deeming it inadequate for specific uses, such as family transportation or for middle-distance journeys.
This feedback underscores the need to consider alternative solutions for those scenarios, acknowledging that our design focus primarily caters to commuting travel from outside the city towards the city center.
These feedbacks will be taken into account, and will be used to upgrade our
prototype.
Fichier Retour d’expériences : 6. DossierProject.docx(1).pdf
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